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- ZIP-LAN.TXT 8.0 MULTI-PC APRS ZIP-LAN networks!
-
- ZIP-LAN is a way of connecting many co-located APRS PC's together
- in the field so that they can all communicate with each other and a
- single TNC for powerful multi-PC APRS support of an event or emergency.
- A ZIP-LAN is just a single wire and ground, as in ZIP-cord. Everyone
- listens for APRS data on the wire, and sends their RS-232 data to the
- wire.
-
- Only one TNC is needed and it puts everything it hears on the wire.
- Therefore all PC's hear everything locally and from the TNC. For the
- other PC's to transmit to the TNC, one PC, called the MASTER will
- "forward" all LAN traffic destined for on-the-air to the TNC for
- transmission. This ZIP-LAN concept obsoletes the old APRSdos MASTER/
- SLAVE modes, because the ZIP-LAN PC's can all have their own
- calls and can all communicate fully with each other and over the air!
- And they can be any mix of Mac/Win/Dos!
-
- Not only is this ideal for "come-as-you-are" applications at an EOC, but
- it is perfect for my kid's PC's. They can see where mommy and daddy are
- on the map and can keyboard room to room to each other and me. To
- them it appears they are fully within the APRS "network". But they can
- not touch the TNC...(Unless I put my station in MASTER mode. This
- censorship is also useful at the EOC!)
-
- The hardware concept is simple, Everyone sends and receives everything to
- the single ZIP-LAN wire. The diodes and 15 K reisitors provide the
- "ORing" function so that anyone can drive the ZIP-LAN wire.
-
- *--/\/\/--* :
- +--------+ | | :
- | PC |3--------*--->|----* | One wire LAN
- | LOCAL | | |
- | #1 |2<-----------------*------*
- +--------+ |
- |
- *--/\/\/--* |
- +--------+ | | |
- | PC |3--------*--->|----* | (ground not shown)
- | LOCAL | | |
- | #2 |2<-----------------*------*
- +--------+ | +-------+
- | | |
- *--------------------- | ----------------->* TXD |
- | | | |
- | | | |
- +--------+ | | | TNC |
- | PC |3--* | *--/\/\/--* | |
- | MASTER | | | | | |
- | |2<------------------------*----*---|<----*---<* RXD |
- +--------+ | | |
- : +-------+
- :
-
- Notice that the diode and 15K resistor easily fit in the DB-9 shell.
- The recommended zip connector is nothing but a one foot wire pigtail.
- Wire leads require no preparation and can interface to anything. An
- obvious enhancement is to put insulated aligator clips on the end of
- the pigtails. The wiring at the Master can also all be installed
- between a back-to-back male/female DB-9 so that this adapter can be
- inserted between any existing TNC and its PC. (come as you are)
-
- DIGIPEATER OPERATIONS: Notice that the MASTER does not send to the ZIP-
- LAN but only to the TNC. This means that there must be a digipeater on
- the air for the MASTER's packets to get digipeated back to the LAN. THis
- is not a disadvantage, but almost an advantageous quality control check.
- If the ZIP lan is not hearing the master, then the digipeater has failed
- and no one else on the air is hearing anything either! For demos and
- other applications, where you may have no TNC, simply jumper the TXD
- and RXD with a paper clip on the TNC cable and operate the MASTER just
- as another ZIP-LAN PC.
-
- OPERATIONS: Simply bring up all of the local PC's in ZIP-LAN mode, and
- put the master in MASTER mode. Local PC's both send and receive on the
- ZIP-LAN, but only the Master sends to the TNC. Master packets get to
- the local PC's by being digipeated on the air, and local PC packets
- get "forwarded" by the MASTER from the ZIP-LAN to the TNC.
-
- Resistor values may need to be increased or decreased depending on
- your particular serial port requirements. I typically 10k for the
- TNC and 15k or so for the others. This should work over several
- hundreds of feet and up to 5 PC's or more. Or MAYBE LESS. I have
- used DIODE-ORing of RS-232 successfully for 19 years with good results.
-
- BAUDRATE! Operating at 9600 baud will minimize collisions if there will
- be more than a few PC's generating traffic. Collisions will garble
- packets half as much at 9600 as the 4800 default. But long wire runs at
- 9600 baud may also suffer errors in a noisy environment, so experiment
- and see what is best for your application. ALL PC's and the TNC must be
- at the same rate.
-
- COLLISIONS: Since the local PC's share the single ZIP-LAN wire for both
- send and receive, there may be some collisions when the local PC's
- transmit. For this reason, where practical, the MASTER should be used
- to generate the bulk of the outgoing traffic. Also, since there can
- only be one POSIT ICON at the whole LAN location, the ZIP-LAN PC's will
- not originate any POSITS, except for the Master. Similarly, enter
- NONE for their STATUS beacons, unless needed.
-
- Theoretically, with a max'ed out 1200 baud APRS channel (36% busy),
- and operating the ZIP-LAN at 9600 baud, the LAN is only busy less than
- 4% of the time.
-
- PROTOCOL:
-
- So that everyone can process the local ZIP-LAN (tnc-less packets), the
- ZIP-LAN-PC's transmit to the wire with a PSEUDO HEADER as follows:
-
- LANPC1>AIR:HIS DATA.....
-
- All ZIP-LAN stations receive these packets as intended but they will
- not get transmitted via the TNC, since only the MASTER is connected to
- the TNC. The MASTER, however, "forwards" any packets addressed to
- "AIR" from the ZIP-LAN to the TNC. To prevent endless looping, the
- TO call is changed from AIR to ZIP before the MASTER resends it to the
- TNC as follows:
-
- }LANPC1>ZIP:HIS DATA....
-
- TNC INTERFACE: The master is connected to the TNC in the normal fashion,
- so it can handshake with the TNC as needed for configuration and changing
- the UNPROTO path. The other PC's can't touch it.
-
-
- FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS (not currently implemented, and no urgent need to
- do so):
-
- 1) ZIP-LAN PC's can send their pseudo packets to ZIP instead of AIR
- and their packets will remain local. This helps reduce on-air QRM
- for ZIP-LAN-only packets at the expense of having to switch to and
- from ZIP and AIR.
-
- 2) MASTER can add a second COM port just for the TNC interconnect so
- that it can also differentiate outgoing packets between local and on-air.
- THen it would use the pseudo ZIP-LAN header on the ZIP-LAN port and
-